Titanium Tubes & Components

History of the Ti-3Al-2.5V Alloy Tube in aerospace

2024-02-26

Titanium is one of the most plentiful elements on the earth’s surface, being fourth among the structural elements. Because of this abundance and the unique properties that titanium offers, it was the natural choice of aircraft designers to become the favored material for constructing airplanes. When compared on a strength-to-weight ratio basis, Titanium alloy has demonstrated superiority over most other structural aerospace materials. The low density, slightly over half that of steel, and high strength combination have increased titanium usage so that every modern military and commercial aircraft contains significant quantities of this material. Because of the very stringent demands of the aerospace industry, the development of many titanium alloys has occurred. These alloys greatly increase the strength of pure titanium while retaining the weight advantage. An alloy of titanium was needed as a tubing material that would decrease the weight of the hydraulic system while offering high-strength properties. The Ti-6Al-4V alloy was the first choice, as it was already the workhorse of this industry. Efforts to make tubing from this alloy were unsuccessful, so an alternate was sought. CP Titanium proved to be useful for ducting but did not have the strength for most hydraulic applications. A leaner alloy, using the same alloying elements as the Ti-6Al-4V, proved to be sufficiently malleable for tube manufacture and provided a very useful set of properties for application in hydraulic systems. This alloy, Ti-3Al-2.5V, can be cold worked by standard tube making processes, is weldable and can be strengthened by a combination of cold working and subsequent heat treatment to a wide range of strengths inductivities. Since the late 1960s the aircraft hydraulic systems have used more and more of this titanium alloy tubing. While unalloyed titanium is still used in some aircraft hydraulic tubing, most of the new hydraulic tubing applications…

Eddy Current Testing for Titanium Tube

2023-02-14

Eddy current testing always called ET on Nondestructive testing of metallic materials. The basic principle of eddy current testing: Placing the coil with alternating current on the metal plate to be tested or outside the metal tube to be tested. At this time, an alternating magnetic field will be generated in and near the coil, which will generate a vortex-shaped induced alternating current in the test piece, called eddy current. The distribution and size of eddy current depend not only on the shape and size of the coil, the size and frequency of AC current, but also on the conductivity, permeability, shape and size of the specimen, the distance from the coil and whether there are cracks on the surface. Therefore, under the condition of keeping other factors relatively unchanged, the change of magnetic field caused by eddy current can be measured by a detection coil, and the size and phase change of eddy current in the specimen can be inferred, and then the information about the change of conductivity, defects, material conditions and other physical quantities (such as shape, size, etc.) Or the existence of defects can be obtained. However, because the eddy current is an alternating current with skin effect, the detected information can only reflect the situation on the surface or near the surface of the specimen. 2. Application: According to the shape of the test piece and the purpose of testing, different types of coils can be used, usually including through type, probe type and plug-in type. The pass-through coil is used to detect titanium tube, titanium rod and titanium wire. Its inner diameter is slightly larger than that of the detected titanium tube. When it is used, the detected object passes through the coil at a certain speed, and defects such as cracks, inclusions and…

Why titanium alloy is a difficult-to-machine material?

2023-02-13

Why do we think that titanium alloy is a difficult-to-machine material? Because of the lack of deep understanding of its processing mechanism and phenomenon. 1． Physical performance at titanium processing The cutting force of titanium alloy is only slightly higher than that of steel with the same hardness, but the physical performance of machining titanium alloy is much more complex than that of machining steel, which makes the machining of titanium alloy face enormous difficulties. The thermal conductivity of most titanium alloys is very low, only 1/7 of that of steel and 1/16 of that of aluminum. Therefore, the heat generated in the process of cutting titanium alloy will not be quickly transferred to the workpiece or taken away by the chips, but will be gathered in the cutting area, and the temperature generated can be as high as more than 1 000 ℃, so that the cutting edge of the tool is rapidly worn, cracked, and built-up edge is generated, and the rapidly worn cutting edge generates more heat in the cutting area, which further shortens the life of the tool. The high temperature generated in the cutting process also destroys the surface integrity of titanium alloy parts, resulting in the decline of geometric accuracy of parts and the appearance of work hardening which seriously reduces their fatigue strength. The elasticity of titanium alloys may be beneficial to the performance of parts, but in the cutting process, the elastic deformation of the workpiece is an important cause of vibration. The cutting pressure causes the “elastic” workpiece to move away from the tool and rebound, so that the friction between the tool and the workpiece is greater than the cutting action. The friction process also generates heat, which aggravates the problem of poor thermal conductivity of titanium alloys. This problem…

What are titanium tubes used for?

2023-02-09

We need to know the characteristics of titanium before using it. First, titanium has low density, which is half of stainless steel, so the weight of titanium is only half of stainless steel with the same volume, and it greatly reduces the weight. Second, titanium has better corrosion resistance to salt water (sea water) than copper. The titanium alloy materials such as Ti-3Al-2.5V, Ti-6Al-4V have the above advantages, and they also have higher strength and hardness. Titanium tube is a metal material with high strength, hardness and corrosion resistance, which is widely used in aerospace, chemical corrosion prevention, health care, marine engineering equipment, refrigeration and heat transfer, bicycle and wheelchair frames, etc. With the development of science and technology, titanium tube is used more and more widely in many fields. 1. Aerospace field Titanium tube used in aerospace field must have high strength and hardness, good creep resistance, high tensile strength at high temperature, and also certain corrosion resistance. The main titanium alloy material used is Grade 9(Ti-3Al-2.5V). AMS 4943, AMS4944, AMS4945 standards are implemented. 2. Chemical corrosion prevention field Titanium tube can be used in acid and alkali environment, but not usable in sulfuric and nitric acid environment. Chlor-alkali industry specializes in producing chlorine gas and caustic soda by electrolyzing salt aqueous solution. As the earliest, chemical industry that uses titanium, it has a history of more than one hundred years. The main titanium equipment used in chlor-alkali production is metal anode electrolytic cell, ion-film electrolytic cell, tubular wet chlorine cooler, refined brine preheater, dechlorination tower, chlor-alkali cooling scrubber, vacuum dechlorination pump and valve, etc. Titanium tube can be used in the temperature of -50℃~+250℃. but cannot be used in higher temperature and extremely cold environment. Commercial pure titanium is the main material used. 3. Health care field Since titanium tube is harmless to human…

Titanium Tubing on Bicycle Frame

2023-02-08

Why Seamless 3AL-2.5V Titanium Tubing ? In addition to unalloyed titanium, which is called commercially pure or CP, there are two alloys commonly used in the cycling industry today: 3AL-2.5V and 6AL-4V. CP has half the strength of 3-2.5. A CP frame must be made heavier than an equivalent 3AL-2.5V frame in order to have comparable strength. Even most steels used in high quality frames have higher strength than CP. 6AL-4V tubes are not seamless. only heavy thickness tubes, 6/4 titanium has a greater tensile strength but it’s very hard to weld. they are rolled from a sheet and welded at the joint. What does that mean? It means that there is a potential failure point at the welded seam. Therefore, we don’t recommend using this type of tubing. 3AL-2.5V titanium is an alloy consisting of 3% aluminum, 2.5% vanadium, and 94.5% pure titanium. The properties critical to bicycle tubing are best served by a high quality 3-2.5 seamless tube. Excellent fatigue life, property consistency, formability, and corrosion resistance are but a few of the reasons 3-2.5 is still the premier frame material. Nothing Looks Like Titanium Tubing The unique performance of titanium material makes it an excellent material for making bicycle frame. Its high strength, low density, low elastic modulus, excellent fatigue resistance and corrosion resistance make the titanium alloy frame made not only very strong and durable, but also very light. Titanium does not break, rust, or corrode in any atmospheric environment. Titanium is so resistant to corrosion that it doesn’t even need any paint treatment. We just lightly rub the surface to brighten up its natural color. Nothing Rides Like Titanium Tubing Titanium, like steel, has an inherent flexibility, but it’s more pronounced. As a result, it has a very slight elasticity, which means it can absorb…

Titanium Tubes & Components

History of the Ti-3Al-2.5V Alloy Tube in aerospace

Eddy Current Testing for Titanium Tube

Why titanium alloy is a difficult-to-machine material?

What are titanium tubes used for?

Titanium Tubing on Bicycle Frame

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