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Why are aerospace materials and cell phones flocking to titanium alloys?

2024-05-03

In 1948, the U.S. DuPont used the magnesium reduction method to mass produce titanium sponge – this marks the beginning of the industrialized production of titanium sponge that is Titanium and titanium alloy are also widely used in various fields due to their high specific strength, good corrosion resistance, and heat resistance. Titanium alloy has been used in the aviation industry for more than half a century; in recent years, in the field of 3C, Huawei, Apple, Xiaomi, Glory, and other cell phones have been imported into the titanium shell, more and more 3C manufacturers are expected to use titanium alloy. So why is titanium alloy so widely favored? Properties of Titanium High specific strength: 1.3 times that of aluminum alloy, 1.6 times that of magnesium alloy, 3.5 times that of stainless steel, the champion among metal materials. High thermal strength: the use temperature is several hundred degrees higher than that of aluminum alloy, and it can work for a long time under the temperature of 450-500℃. Good corrosion resistance: acid, alkali, and atmospheric corrosion resistance, extreme resistance to pitting, and stress corrosion. Good low-temperature performance: titanium alloy Ti-5Al-2.5Sn with deficient interstitial elements can maintain a certain degree of plasticity at -253℃. High chemical activity: high chemical activity at high temperatures, efficiently reacting chemically with hydrogen, oxygen, and other gaseous impurities in the air to generate a hardened layer. Small thermal conductivity: the thermal conductivity is about 1/4 of nickel, 1/5 of iron, and 1/14 of aluminum. Classification and use of titanium alloys Titanium alloys can be categorized into heat-resistant alloys, high-strength alloys, corrosion-resistant alloys (titanium-molybdenum, titanium-palladium alloys, etc.), low-temperature alloys, and alloys with special functions (titanium-iron hydrogen storage materials, titanium-nickel memory alloys). Although Titanium and its alloys have been used briefly, they have been awarded several honorable titles for…

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How to Process titanium

2024-04-28

Since the discovery of the element titanium in 1790, mankind has carried out a hundred years of arduous exploration to obtain its extraordinary performance. In 1910, mankind produced the metal titanium for the first time, but the application of titanium alloys was a long and arduous road, and it was not until 40 years later, in 1951, that industrial production was finally realized. Titanium alloys are characterized by high specific strength, corrosion resistance, high-temperature resistance, and fatigue resistance. A titanium alloy of the same size weighs only 60% of steel but is stronger than alloy steel. Due to its good characteristics, titanium alloy has been increasingly used in the fields of aviation, aerospace, power generation equipment, nuclear energy, shipbuilding, the chemical industry, medical equipment, and so on. Reasons for complex machining of titanium alloys The four characteristics of titanium alloy, such as low thermal conductivity, severe work hardening, high affinity with the tool, and small plastic deformation, are the essential reasons why titanium alloy is rugged to process. Its cut index is only 20% of that of free-cutting steel. Low thermal conductivity Titanium alloy has a thermal conductivity of only about 16% of steel. Processing heat can not be conducted in time, resulting in cutting-edge local high temperatures (machining the tip temperature is more than one times that of steel), which easily triggers tool diffusion wear. Severe work hardening The work-hardening phenomenon of titanium alloy is obvious. The surface hardening layer is more serious compared to stainless steel, which will cause some difficulties for subsequent processing, for example, tool boundary damage increases. High affinity to tools Severe bonding with titanium-containing carbide. Low plastic deformation The modulus of elasticity is about half that of steel, so the elastic recovery is large, and friction is severe. At the same time, the workpiece is…

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Titanium Tubing Price Online

2024-04-24

Titanium Tubing FD Titanium offers titanium tubing in grades 2(CP), 5(6Al-4V), 9(3Al-2.5V), and 12(Ti-Mo-Ni). All the sizes are custom-made according to your requirements. If you have drawings that need machining, please share them with us. We will offer you the titanium components directly. OD: Out Dimension (mm)WT: Wall Thickness (mm)KG/M: Weight Kilogram/Meter Our custom-made MOQ for each size is 50 ~ 100 Kg if there’s no stock. If you have any interesting or questions, please do not hesitate to contact us below.

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Main points of bending process of titanium alloy tube

2024-04-24

First of all, we have to make it clear that titanium tubing can be bent. Many people ask whether titanium tubing can be bent because titanium tubing is generally thinner, and titanium alloy tubing strength is higher, making it difficult to bend. Pure titanium is easy to bend because of its low strength, which will not be described here, while high-strength 6Al-4V titanium tubing is too strong to be bent, and even Grade 5 titanium tubing can not be produced through the milling process. CNC bending technology can use medium-strength titanium tubing (3Al-2.5V) and thin-walled titanium tubing. In addition, there are specialized bending equipment and methods for bending titanium tubing, such as heating the outside of the bending section using a heating nozzle to achieve high-precision bending. It shows that the bending and forming technology of titanium alloy tubing has been developed and applied to a certain extent. It is important to note that the bending and forming process of titanium tubing may encounter some challenges. For example, due to its advantages of high strength and lightweight, corrosion resistance, and high-temperature resistance, titanium tubing is challenging to realize the forming and manufacturing of difficult-to-form structures such as small bending radius bends under room-temperature conditions. In addition, the widespread use of titanium tubing in civil and military aircraft is also affected by the fact that bending and tube fitting technologies are not yet fully mature. Despite these challenges, process optimization and innovative tooling design can improve the bendability of titanium tubing, making it possible to form small bend radius tubing. In addition, transfluid Germany has many years of experience in tube bending and end-forming operations on an aerospace scale, suggesting that there are already successful applications for titanium tube bending and forming technology in specific areas. CNC bending technology CNC bending technology in…

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Terms related to heat treatment

2024-04-20

Contents Annealing Heating steel to a specific temperature, holding it for a certain period, and then allowing it to cool slowly is called annealing. Steel annealing is when the steel is heated to the temperature of the phase change or part of the phase change after holding it in a slowly cooled heat treatment method. The purpose of annealing is to eliminate organizational defects, improve the organization so that the composition of the uniformity and grain refinement, improve the mechanical properties of steel, and reduce residual stress; at the same time, it can reduce the hardness, improve the plasticity and toughness, and improve the performance of cutting and machining. So, annealing eliminates and improves the organization of the previous process left defects and internal stress, but also for the subsequent process to prepare, so annealing is a semi-finished heat treatment, also known as pre-finish heat treatment. Normalizing Normalizing is to heat the steel above the critical temperature so that all the steel is transformed into a homogeneous austenite and then naturally cooled in the air heat treatment method. It can eliminate the over-eutectic steel network carburization body, for sub-eutectic steel normalizing can refine the lattice and improve the overall mechanical properties, and the requirements of the parts are not high with normalizing instead of annealing process is more economical. Quenching Quenching is a heat treatment method in which steel is heated above a critical temperature, held for some time, and then quickly placed into a quenchant to reduce its temperature abruptly and cool it rapidly at a rate more significant than the critical cooling rate while obtaining an unbalanced organization dominated by martensite. Quenching increases the strength and hardness of steel but reduces its plasticity. The quenching agents commonly used are water, oil, alkaline water, and salt solutions. Tempering It…

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Cooling Ways during the forging of titanium alloys

2024-04-18

In the industrial field, titanium alloy is a more commonly used material. Titanium alloy forging demands strict requirements and is widely used in aerospace, medical equipment, chemical, and other fields; in the process of titanium alloy forging, the choice of cooling method has a significant impact on the quality of forgings, according to the performance of forgings to choose a different cooling method, the following is a few of the titanium alloy forging cooling methods that I have organized. natural cooling Natural cooling is a simple and commonly used method of cooling. After forging, the titanium alloy forgings are placed in the air and cooled by natural convection and radiant heat dissipation. The advantage of this method is that it is simple to operate and requires no additional equipment or energy consumption. However, natural cooling is slow and may lead to uneven internal forging organization, affecting the product’s performance. Forced air cooling Forced air cooling accelerates the cooling speed of titanium alloy forgings by forcing air to blow on them through fans or air-blowing equipment. This can reduce the forging temperature, minimize thermal stress, and improve product performance. However, it should be noted that forced air cooling may lead to oxidation and hardening phenomena on the surface of the forging, so it is necessary to control the cooling speed and blowing distance reasonably. Water quenching and cooling Water quenching cooling is a fast and effective cooling method. By immersing a titanium alloy forging in water, its temperature can be rapidly reduced, resulting in higher strength and hardness. However, water quench cooling can also lead to problems such as cracks and deformation of the forgings, so the cooling rate and temperature gradient must be carefully controlled. Oil quenching and cooling Oil quenching is a method of cooling oil at a specific temperature. Oil quenching has…

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Introduction to the mechanical properties of steel

2024-04-16

Contents   1. yield point(0σs) When the steel or sample is stretched, when the stress exceeds the elastic limit, even if the stress does not increase, the steel or specimen still continues to undergo obvious plastic deformation, which is called yield. The minimum stress value of the yield phenomenon is the yield point. Let Ps be the external force at the yield point s, and Fo is the sample break area, then the yield point σ s = Ps / Fo (MPa) MPa is called the Mpa equal to N (Newton) / mm2 (MPa=106Pa, Pa: Pasca = N/m2) 2. Yield Strength (0σ 0.2) The yield point of some metal materials is not obvious and is difficult to measure. Therefore, to measure the yield characteristics of the material, the stress when the permanent residual plastic deformation is equal to a certain value (generally 0.2% of the original length) is stipulated, which is called conditional yield strength or yield strength σ 0.2. 3. Tensile strength (0σ b) The maximum stress value achieved from the material’s beginning to the fracture time during stretching indicates the size of the steel’s ability to resist breaking. It corresponds to the tensile strength, compressive strength, bending strength, etc. Let Pb be the maximum tensile force before the material is pulled and Fo is the section area of the sample, so the tensile strength σ b = Pb / Fo (MPa). 4. Elongation rate (0δs) After the material is pulled, the percentage of its plastic elongation length to the length of the original sample is called elongation or elongation rate. 5. Fion ratio (0σs/0σb) The ratio of yield point (yield strength) to tensile strength of steel is called the yield strength ratio. The greater the bending strength ratio, the higher the reliability of the structural parts. Carbon steel’s…

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Tube VS Pipe

2024-04-16

PIPE — Standard Pipe TUBE — non-standard tube Tubes manufactured to ANSI and API standard specifications are called PIPE, and their dimensions are expressed as “nominal diameter.” All other tubes not manufactured to standard tube specifications are called TUBE or TUBING, and their dimensions are expressed in terms of outside diameter. Tube is a positive deviation tube with heat exchange.Pipe is a positive or negative deviation tube without heat exchange. Note: ANSI – American National Standards Institute (ANSI – American National Standards Institute) 1. the difference between sizes Tube and Pipe have standards; the standard series of tubes is more than Pipe. The pipe DN standard is not the outer diameter but is slightly smaller than the outer diameter and larger than the inner diameter. Can also do non-standard 2. the difference between the usage The tube is generally used in the container, especially the heat exchanger tube, and Pipe refers to more equipment outside the Pipe, so the general tube is translated as “pipe,” and Pipe is translated as “pipe.” The difference between Tube, Pipe, Tubing, and piping. The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code is very strict about the meaning of the terms tube, Pipe, Tubing, and piping, which are used in different applications. I have summarized my understanding of the four terms below for your discussion.1. The tube is round or has a continuous perimeter of any other cross-sectional shape of the hollow product. The dimensions of a round tube can be specified in terms of any two of the three diameters: outside diameter, inside diameter, and wall thickness.2, The Pipe by ASNI B36.10 and B36.19 (for stainless steel) is listed in the nominal size of the round cross-section of the tube, and its diameter is expressed in NPS No. NPS No. The actual outside diameter is…

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titanium alloy tubes for aerospace applications

2024-04-14

Aircraft piping system The piping system is the lifeline of the aircraft; its performance directly affects the overall performance of the aircraft. If the engine is compared to the heart of the airplane, then all kinds of pipelines are like the blood vessel network of the aircraft, which constantly delivers all sorts of nutrients to all corners of the airplane. The reliability and durability of the piping system are essential factors that affect flight safety, reduce maintenance costs, and meet airworthiness requirements, so it is very important to improve the piping system’s technical level to improve the airplane’s performance.As an advanced lightweight structural material, titanium alloy has excellent comprehensive performance with low density, high specific strength, good fatigue strength and crack extension resistance, excellent corrosion resistance, good welding performance, etc. Therefore, it has an increasingly wide range of applications in aviation, aerospace, automotive, shipbuilding, energy and other industries. About 80% of titanium production is used in aviation and aerospace. Due to the development of titanium alloy tubes and processing technology is very difficult, coupled with the expensive titanium alloy materials, so its application in the application of the limitations is currently mainly in the industrial corrosion resistance and relatively wide range of applications in the ship, such as seawater installations, nuclear power, saline, and alkali industries, as well as ships and so on. But abroad, due to the development of titanium alloy tubing and supporting the development of mature application technology, titanium alloy tubing in developed countries, aviation, aerospace, and other fields have specific applications, such as foreign advanced aircraft air intake piping, hydraulic piping, fuel piping, etc. are widely used titanium alloy tubing. Due to the development of titanium alloy tubing in China, bending and tube fitting technology is not yet fully mature, and titanium alloy tubing in civil…

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3Al-2.5V Titanium Seamless Tube – Inspection & Testing

2024-04-09

Aerospace Tube (3Al-2.5V) – Inspection & Testing   J11 Aircraft – Chinese Airforce For critical tubing applications such as aerospace, not only must the tubing be of a very high quality, but the testing and inspection methods must provide positive assurance that all specification requirements have been met. Test and inspection methods must be in accordance with industry standards, and the measurement must be precise and accurate. To assure the quality of the tubing, specifications and test methods must be clearly defined in the quality assurance plan and records must be traceable to each tube lot. These records are retained for many years to provide traceability in event that problems may arise during service life of the tubing. FD Titanium has more than 10 years of experience in 3Al-2.5V Seamless Tubes. meet the Specifications AMS4943, AMS4945. If you have any questions or requirements, please contact us by email or leave a message below. Inspection for 3Al-2.5V Tube Every tube in each lot is inspected to ensure conformance to dimensional tolerances, surface finish requirements and freedom from obvious visual flaws. Nearly all specifications now require that the full length of each tube be subjected to all aspects of the inspection process. Only in rare cases is inspection by a sampling plan employed for products of hydraulic tube quality. Visual inspection for 3Al-2.5V Tube Visual inspection of the tubing is the first step of the inspection process. It is also performed again just prior to packaging as a final check for proper marking, cleanliness and any handling damage that may have occurred after the initial inspection. The inspection methods for tubing dimensions may be accomplished by several methods including: hand micrometer, air gauges, laser micrometer or ultrasonic testing (UT). The choice of test method depends upon the importance of dimensions to the…

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